ࡱ> _^L(  ~ 6www.capetowndeclaration.orgFhttp://www.capetowndeclaration.org/Pwww.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/timeline.htm^http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/timeline.htm/ 0LDArialԖ0Ԗ0llUׯ0@ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` ( \B      0AA@3ʚ;ʚ;g4fdfdpU ׯ0ppp@ <4dddd8vS0lU 80___PPT10 GhOpen source, open content, open access& and all thatCatherine Dubbeld OutlineIntroduction Timeline of the Internet Definitions Open source Open content Open access Open education Open government ConclusionZv  IntroductionWho I am Socio-political background of the Internet Digital Divide Common ass/u/m(e)ptions One-stop shop Open=free He who pays the piper, calls the tune What to watch out for Cui bono? Caveat emptor What can the Internet do for me? What do you have to know/do, to benefit?[Z>ZZZ!Z)Z[>)  N  What is the Internet?HHow do you see it? Network of networks? Duncan Greaves internet? 1.0, 2.0, or 3.0? Dial-up/50K, 1 megabit, 10 megabits (Reed Hastings, 2006) Static, participative, reasoning artificial intelligence Read-only, read-write, modifiable sites/resources/ world-wide database (Nova Spivack, 2006) <TT Timeline of the InternetrPeter Suber & SPARC (www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/timeline.htm) Summary of important events 1963 - Ted Nelson coined the word  hypertext 1969  ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) launched by US Department of Defense 1971  Ray Tomlinson sent first networked email 1983  ARPANET started using TCP/IP  birth of internet 1987  early free online peer-reviewed journal, New horizons in adult education 1990  Tim Berners-Lee wrote first web-client & server, proposed the WWW ( Proposal for a hypertext project ) and put together the first webpage ?ZZ&Z%ZZZ?+   , (0=  Timeline 2@1991  www standard released by CERN & Berners-Lee 1991  arxiv.org, early repository, founded 1992  INASP (International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publications) founded by ICSU (International Council of Science Unions) 1993  alpha version of Mosaic  first web-browser!Z!:   Timeline 31993  basic web software in public domain 1994  Steven Harnad proposes mandatory self-archiving 1996  adoption of Bermuda Principle  genome research to be freely available in public domain 1996  Internet Archive9 Timeline 41997  NLM made Medline freely accessible as PubMed 1997/8  SPARC (Scholarly Publications & Academic Resources coalition) founded by ARL 1998  African Journals Online founded by INASP 1999  African Digital Library- Timeline 501999  Ebro-Med (preprint server with peer-reviewed articles) 1999  Open Archives Initiative, Open Citation Project, Open Society Institute founds eiFL Direct 2000  IFAP (Information for All) intergovernmental programme founded by UNESCO 2000  PubMedCentral  postprint archiveZb<     Timeline 62001  34000 scholars sign an open letter to science publishers calling for an open public library 2001  Wikipedia launched 2002  PLOS (Public Library of Science) founded to publish two open access journals 2002  Howard Hughes Medical Institute undertook to cover publication costs of researchers publishing in fee-based OA journals 2002  Budapest Open Access Initiative  first major statement on open access 2002  OAIster 2002  Africa s Open Knowledge Network 2002  Creative Commons P,j 2A Timeline 7B2002  IFLA Internet Manifesto 2002 - MIT Open Courseware 2002/3  DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals) 2003 - E-LIS repository 2003  launch of DATAD online 2003  WSIS (World Symposium on the Internet Society) included OA in its Declaration of Principles and Plan of Action 2003/5  various statements supporting OA from conferences, funders such as the Wellcome Trust and government bodies 2004  OECD Declaration on access to research data from public funding 2006  ASSAF recommends OA & IR support for research funded by public money 2006  CODATA workshop urging SA mandating of open access archiving and promotion of data sharing 2006/8  FRPAA introduced and finally passed in US Congress 2007  SARUA workshop in Botswana to encourage decision makers in higher education to support OA "P",U  Timeline 8.2007  WIPO decided on 45 reform proposals to advance access to knowledge 2008  Harvard Faculty of Arts & Sciences voted to publish its scholarship online: faculty members are required to grant Harvard a non-exclusive license for articles to be posted to the repository, for open access and further not for profit distribution (such as cost-recovery course packs). Individual articles can be opted out.Definitions and dilemmasOOpen definitions Open source Open content Open access Open education Wikis and collaborative work Constructed by participants who modify articles & share with community, who can comment & modify again Trust vs security? Google and plagiarism Peer review Tension between IP and human rights Creative Commons, GNU and copyleft Exercise P4PPzPFP#P PPP4zF# >Ek  Open SourceRWhat is Open Source? A set of principles and practices which promote access to the production and design process for various goods and resources and technical conclusions or advice Most usually applied to source code software made available to the general public with relaxed or non-existent IP restrictions A culture in which collective decisions are shared during development and made available in the public domain, eg Wikipedia, Linux Mostly defined by MIT, eg. In their Open Courseware Is it free? Not necessarily Is it the way to go? Koha, Afghan Digital Library Initiative A local viewpoint Freeware and shareware? Freeware is copyrighted computer software made available for use free of charge for an unlimited time Shareware is software for which the user is required to pay, after a lapse of time or some additional functionality is added PPZPPPPPZP M2  Open content This is any kind of creative work or engineering that is published in a form that explicitly allows the copying and the modification by anyone, but not necessarily for no cost. Wikipedia is an example of open content   Open accessWhat is Open Access? Immediate, free and unrestricted online access to digital scholarly material, mostly peer-reviewed research articles in scholarly journals Self-archiving  authors publish in subscription journals, but make their articles freely available online in an institutional repository as well (the green road) OA publishing  authors publish in OA journals which make articles freely available online immediately upon publication (the gold road) Characterised by intense advocacy and quite severe opposition Who benefits by it? Researchers, and authors whose citations increase Who pays? Authors, sometimes subsidised by institutions What is the situation in SA/Southern Africa? Some awareness, and some reluctance to move from the status quo, as articles published in subscription journals generally get better research funding  and it is felt by established researchers that high-status journals means their work is read SARUA Summit November 2007 esAL Open Access mini-conference possible end of 2008BPPP>  N2 Open educationCan ICT benefit education? Modes of education Instructivist Constructivist Open Education Declaration www.capetowndeclaration.org Launched in Cape Town, 22 January 2008 by a coalition of educators, funders and internet pioneers, as part of an effort to make publicly funded educational materials freely available over the Internet. Links teaching, learning and the collaborative culture of the Internet Includes creating and sharing teaching materials as well as new approaches to learning where people create and shape knowledge together Encourages teachers and learners to use the web to share, remix and translate classroom materials to make education more accessible, effective and flexible If publishers and governments made publicly funded materials freely available online, learners would have unlimited access to high quality, constantly improving course materials, just as Wikipedia has done for reference materials MIT and Open Courseware  and 200 000 other resources on the Webt.PP7PPAP.7AP. +E c0fOpen governmentSunshine Week  annual campaign by journalists an open government groups to raise awareness of open government and freedom of information Laws inspired by these campaigns have been fundamental in opening access to public sector information of research value Spirit of these laws have been applied to academic publications esp. resulting from publicly funded research pZp  ExerciseIs this relevant to you, in your work situation? 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